Cartridge, machine and system for the preparation of beverages and process for manufacturing the cartridge

ABSTRACT

The cartridge ( 1 ) according to the invention comprises an envelope ( 2 ) having a first and a second end wall ( 4, 5 ) connected together by an annular lateral wall ( 6 ) and defining an inner chamber ( 7 ) containing a quantity or dose of a substance (S) for preparation of the beverage. The envelope ( 2 ) has at least one first and at least one second permeable wall ( 6   a,    5 ) acting as an inlet for the introduction of a flow of water into the chamber ( 7 ) and as an outlet from it respectively for outflow of the beverage from chamber ( 7 ). Between the first and the second permeable walls ( 6   a,    5 ) the envelope ( 2 ) has an outwardly projecting annular formation ( 3   g ). A portion of the permeable inlet wall ( 6   a ) for the introduction of water into the chamber ( 7 ) is made in the annular lateral wall ( 6 ) of the envelope ( 2 ). The annular formation ( 3   g ) extends from the second end wall ( 5 ) in a direction substantially opposite to the first end wall ( 4 ).

This invention relates to systems for the preparation of beverages, inparticular coffee, through the use of prepacked cartridges.

The cartridges (or capsules or pods, according to other current names)for the preparation of liquid food products, for example beverages,through the addition of a liquid (which may be under pressure and/or athigh temperature) and/or steam, form part of a very rich and variedtechnological sector as documented for example by FR-A-757 358, FR-A-2373 999, FR-A-2 556 323, GB-A-938 617, GB-A-2 023 086, CH-A-406 561,US-A-3 403 617, US-A-3 470 812, US-A-3 607 297, WO-A-86/02 537, EP-A-0199 953, EP-A-0 211 511, EP-A-0 242 556, EP-A-0 468 078, EP-A-0 469 162,EP-A-0 507 905, WO 2010/106516 A1 and EP-A-2 218 653.

Many of the solutions described in the abovementioned documentsprimarily refer to the preparation of liquid products comprisingbeverages such as coffee, tea, chocolate, consommés, soups or variousinfusions.

The invention specifically relates to a cartridge for the preparation ofa beverage, of the type comprising

-   -   an envelope having first and second end walls connected to each        other by an annular lateral wall defining an internal chamber        containing an amount or dose of a substance for preparation of        the beverage;    -   the said envelope having at least one first and at least one        second permeable wall acting as an inlet and an outlet        respectively for the introduction of a flow of water into the        said chamber and respectively for outflow of the beverage from        the said chamber; the envelope having an outwardly projecting        annular formation between the said first and second permeable        walls; and in which    -   the said at least one permeable inlet wall portion for the        introduction of water into the said chamber is made in the        annular lateral wall of the envelope.

Cartridges of this type are described in international patentapplication WO2012/164521A1 in the name of the Applicant. In thesecartridges the envelope comprises a substantially cup-shaped body madeof an injection moulded plastics material which has an annular formationprojecting radially outwards from an intermediate portion of its lateralwall. When in use this projecting annular formation is intended to abutagainst a corresponding shoulder provided in the infusion chamber of amachine used for the preparation of a beverage in order to provide aliquid-tight separation between the portion of the cartridge throughwhich pressurised water is introduced and the portion through which thebeverage leaves the cartridge.

One object of this invention is to provide a cartridge of the typeinitially defined configured in such a way that it can also be used in amachine for the preparation of beverages which is designed for the useof another (and different) type of cartridge, in particular a machine ofthe type described in Italian patent application TO2012A000061 in thename of the Applicant.

In general, in fact, the market for cartridges for coffee and/orbeverages in general provides that these cartridges are combined with orconfigured for use with a specific delivery machine which is capable ofsupplying hot water and/or steam for infusion of the beverage. In thiscontext solutions in which a consumer purchases a coffee machine and issubsequently supplied with cartridges specifically designed andconstructed for operation in combination with that machine are known andwidely used.

In such cases some salient characteristics of the cartridge/machinesystem, such as one or more of the following, are defined for theconsumer at the time of purchase and cannot be modified subsequently:

-   -   the external shape of the cartridge for the purpose of insertion        into the machine,    -   the manner in which the cartridge is inserted at the outset,    -   the configuration of the infusion chamber containing the        cartridge during the process of extracting the liquid product,        that is the beverage,    -   the manner in which the material comprising the cartridge        interacts with the infusion chamber,    -   the manner in which the beverage is extracted, and    -   the manner in which the cartridge is expelled after the beverage        has been delivered.

This invention is intended to provide a cartridge which in addition tofunctioning in a machine provided with a cartridge holder specificallydesigned and manufactured for it is capable of being used effectively ina machine which has a cartridge holder of a different type belonging tothe prior art. This is in order to offer the consumer, or the owner ofsuch a machine according to the prior art, the possibility of wideningthe range of cartridges which can be used and the food products whichcan be produced, for example by making it possible to produce coffee ofthe “filter coffee” or extracts from “leaf” products in addition tocoffee of the “espresso” type.

Another object of this invention is to provide a cartridge which can beconveniently made using a biodegradable/compostable material as definedbelow in this description.

The abovementioned objects and yet others are accomplished according tothe invention through a cartridge for the preparation of a beverage ofthe type initially defined, characterised in that the aforesaid annularformation extends from the said second end wall of the envelope of thecartridge in a direction substantially opposite to the said first endwall.

In a currently preferred embodiment the aforesaid annular formationextends as an extension of the lateral wall of the envelope projectingbeyond the second end wall, substantially in the axial direction of thesaid envelope.

Further characteristics of a cartridge according to the invention aredefined in the dependent claims.

As has been mentioned previously, a cartridge according to the inventionmay be conveniently manufactured from a compostable/biodegradablematerial.

The characteristics which a material must have in order to be defined asbeing compostable, according to a currently accepted definition evenamong patents (see for example EP-B-0 497 838, EP-B-0 561 982, EP-B-0788 733, EP-B-0 723 572, EP-B-0 868 275, EP-B-0 971 818 and EP-B-1 842944), have been established, for example, by European standard EN 13432“Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting andbiodegradation—testing scheme and evaluation criteria for the finalacceptance of packaging”, adopted in Italy under the name UNI EN 13432.

According to this standard the characteristics which a compostablematerial must have are those listed below:

-   -   biodegradability, that is metabolic conversion of the        compostable material into carbon dioxide, this property being        measured through a standard test method—draft EN 14046 (also        published as ISO 14855: biodegradability under controlled        composting conditions); the acceptance level is 90% (with        respect to cellulose) which has to be achieved in less than six        months;    -   disintegratability, that is fragmentation of the final compost        and its loss from visibility (lack of visual contamination);        this is measured by a pilot scale composting test (draft EN        14045): samples of the material under test are composted        together with organic wastes for three months; at the end of        this the compost is screened through a 2 mm sieve. The mass of        residue of the test material having dimensions >2 mm should be        less than 10% of the initial mass;    -   absence of adverse effects on the composting process: this is        checked by a pilot scale composting test;    -   low levels of heavy metals (below predetermined maximum levels)        and the absence of adverse effects on the quality of the compost        (e.g.: reduction of the agricultural value and the presence of        ecotoxicological effects on plant growth); a plant growth test        (modified OECD test 208) is performed on compost samples in        which degradation of the test material has taken place: no        difference between that and a control compost should be shown;    -   other chemical and physical parameters which should not change        after the material under investigation has degraded: pH; salt        content; volatile solids; N; P; MgpK.

It will be appreciated that a biodegradable material is not necessarilycompostable, because it must also disintegrate during a compostingcycle. On the other hand a material which breaks up into microscopicpieces during a composting cycle, such that they are then not whollybiodegradable, is not compostable.

Standard UNI EN 13432 is a harmonised standard and has been published inthe Official Gazette of the European Community, and has been accepted inEurope at national level and provides a presumption of conformity withEuropean Directive 94/62 EC on packaging and packaging wastes.

With the increasing interest in the environment and the end of life offood wastes produced on a daily basis, compo stability has become anincreasingly important requirement for consumers of the cartridges (orcapsules or pods) considered here.

In this respect the solution of resorting to a compostable material,that is—according to a name sometimes used in the industry—a “bio”material, to manufacture the body of such cartridges has been found tobe promising, such as for example:

-   -   polylactic acid (PLA),    -   poly-L-lactide (PLLA),    -   poly-D-lactide (PDLA),    -   a stereocomplex blend of PDLA and PLLA    -   maize starches,    -   cellulosic materials,    -   formulations based on PLA, PDLA, PLLA in combination with        mineral fillers,    -   formulations based on PLA, PDLA, PLLA in combination with        mineral fillers and plasticisers,    -   formulations based on PLA, PDLA, PLLA and cellulose,    -   formulations based on maize starches in combination with mineral        fillers,    -   polybutylene succinate,    -   polybutylene succinate in combination with mineral fillers,    -   polymers produced by microorganisms or bacteria such as PHA        (polyhydroxy alkanoates) and PHB (poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate),    -   materials resulting from the combination of plant fibres and        starches,    -   materials resulting from the combination of plant biomass and        starches,    -   materials resulting from the combination of plant fibres and        PLA,    -   materials resulting from the combination of plant biomass and        PLA, and    -   combinations of the materials listed above.

It has been observed that these “bio” materials used for the manufactureof cartridges for use in coffee machines provided with perforatingpunches can give rise to high elongation on fracture such as to renderthe acts of perforation not very effective, for example when thematerial forms a kind of cap around the punch instead of tearing, givingrise to possible problems with delivery.

This perforation difficulty may be encountered in the case of cartridgesaccording to the prior art described in previous applicationTO2012A000061: introduction of hot water into the cartridge gives riseto an interaction between the perforating/tearing components located onthe machine with corresponding projections in the form of pendants orrecesses located on the edge of the cartridge. This difficulty isovercome through this invention because it does not involve anyinteraction between the cartridge and machine with regard toperforation/tearing.

A cartridge body of such a material may be manufactured in variousembodiments using a moulding process subdivided into two substages:

-   -   filling of the mould cavity,    -   residence of the material in the sealed mould maintained at a        temperature above ambient temperature or alternatively        subsequent curing in a stove or through the effect of UV        radiation.

As already described above, one object of the invention is to provide acartridge which is able to extend the types of cartridges which can beused in a machine according to the prior art, in particular a machine ofthe type defined in previous Italian patent application TO2012A000061.

This application describes a type of cartridge in which the base (whichrepresents the “outlet” for the beverage) deforms through the effect ofthe pressure of the liquid/steam introduced into the cartridge so thatit is perforated by a second set of hollow points (broadly similar toinjection needles) having filtering properties. These constructionembodiments are in themselves known, and are particularly suitable forthe delivery of beverages such as espresso coffee, in that perforationof the base through the pressure effect is a salient characteristic tocreate the necessary hydraulic conditions for pressurised hot water flow(typically in the range 3-9 bar depending upon the products).

Documents such as EP 1 295 554 A1, WO 2006/005736 A2 or EP 1 886 942 A1identify specific solutions inherent to filtering points, the mechanismfor opening/closing/perforating by means of the perforating points andthe type of cartridge, with corresponding systems.

In current manufacturing practice provision may be made for the lateralwall and the base wall of the cartridge to be made of a plasticsmaterial such as, for example, polypropylene coextruded in laminationwith ethylene-vinyl-alcohol (EVOH), which is shaped by thermoforming. Itis also known that a composite material of such a nature cannottherefore be classified as a compostable material.

This technology is restricting as regards the range of products whichcan be obtained from the aforesaid cartridge/machine combination, rulingout all those beverages which require an extraction pressure of zero(ambient pressure), such as for example “filter coffee” or “leaf” tea,which can be obtained conventionally through the simple gravimetricpercolation of hot water.

In the case of the cartridge according to this invention there is noparticular interaction between the base of the cartridge and thefiltering points, so it is also possible to deliver under environmentalpressure conditions.

The invention also relates to a machine for the preparation of beveragesdesigned for the use of a cartridge according to the invention, thismachine comprising

-   -   an infusion unit capable of receiving a cartridge according to        this invention with which are associated means for the delivery        of a flow of water intended to be introduced into the cartridge,        and means for discharging the outflow of beverage formed in the        infusion unit to a collecting vessel;    -   the infusion unit including a plurality of parts which can be        moved closer to and further away from each other, and which can        be connected together in a leak-proof way to define overall an        infusion chamber into which the said cartridge can be placed;        the infusion chamber being capable of forming an annular space        relative to the cartridge according to the invention positioned        therein which can be connected to means for the delivery of        water and which is separated from the discharge means in a        liquid-tight way.

The invention also relates to a system for preparing beveragescomprising such a machine and a cartridge of the new type having thecharacteristics defined above.

Finally the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing thebody of a cartridge according to the invention, the said processcomprising the operations or stages defined in appended claim 11.

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be apparentfrom the detailed description which follows, purely by way of anon-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a cartridge according to thisinvention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a cup-shaped body included in the cartridgeaccording to FIG. 1 in plan view from above;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section view according to the line III-III in FIGS. 1and 2;

FIG. 4 is a partial view in axial cross-section showing part of amachine for the preparation of a beverage using a cartridge according tothe preceding figures;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another type of cartridge accordingto the prior art which can also be used in the machine mentioned on page4; and

FIG. 6 is a partial axial cross-sectional view which shows part of thesame machine as in FIG. 4 in a condition in which a cartridge accordingto the prior art illustrated in FIG. 5 is being used instead of acartridge according to this invention.

In FIGS. 1 to 4, 1 indicates overall a cartridge according to thisinvention for the preparation of a beverage, for example espressocoffee.

Cartridge 1 comprises an envelope 2, for example of food-grade plasticsmaterial.

In the embodiment illustrated envelope 2 comprises a body 3, essentiallyin the shape of a cup, which is closed off at the top by an end wall orcover 4. Both cup body 3 and cover 4 may for example be manufactured byinjection moulding, and may be joined together in any way which isknown, for example by welding, adhesive bonding, etc.

In the embodiment illustrated envelope 2 as a whole has a general shapeof an essentially truncated frustoconical type. As an alternative thisenvelope may have a general configuration which is for examplecylindrical or prismatic.

Cup-shaped body 3 has a lower end wall 5, essentially parallel to cover4 and connected to a lateral wall 6 of substantially annular shape (seein particular FIGS. 1 and 3).

Envelope 2 defines within it a region or chamber 7. This region orchamber 7 contains a quantity or dose of a substance S for thepreparation of a beverage, such as for example ground roast coffee (FIG.3).

Upper end portion 6 a of lateral wall 6 of cup-shaped body 3 has atransverse annular formation 3 a projecting radially outwards in theform of a flange.

As will better be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the upper surface or face ofthe upper end wall or cover 4 is preferably flush with the upper surfaceof the flange formation 3 a in body 3.

The upper portion 6 a of the annular lateral wall of envelope 2 isprovided with a plurality of microholes 8 which make it permeable towater. Microholes 8 may have a cross-section such as to prevent thesubstance contained in the envelope for preparation of the beverage fromescaping, and/or a filter, for example of paper or the like, which iscapable of retaining the aforesaid substance within envelope 2 may belocated within envelope 2 immediately adjacent to the inner surface ofits lateral wall 6.

At least one portion of lower end wall 5 of envelope 2 is alsopreferably provided with microholes, indicated by 9 in FIGS. 1 and 2,such as to render the said portion of wall permeable to the liquidbeverage prepared through contact between substance S present incartridge 1 and the water added to it through inlet portion 6 a of itslateral wall 6.

As will be more clearly apparent below, in use the upper portion 6 a oflateral annular wall 6 of the envelope is capable of acting as an inletfor the introduction of a flow of water into inner chamber 7 of thecartridge in order to prepare a beverage. In addition to this, theperforated wall of base 5 is able to act as an outlet for the outflow ofbeverage from chamber 7 towards a collecting vessel such as a cup or thelike.

Between portion 6 a of the lateral wall and lower end wall 5 envelope 2has an annular formation 3 g projecting outwards. In the embodimentillustrated in the drawings, which is currently preferred, this annularformation 3 g extends as an elongation of lateral wall 6 of envelope 2and projects beyond the wall of lower end 5, substantially in the axialdirection of envelope 2.

In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings water is introduced intochamber 1 for preparation of the beverage through only the upper portion6 a of lateral wall 6 of envelope 2.

In other embodiments, not illustrated, further microholes for the entryof water into cartridge 1 may be made in its end wall 4, as in theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 of international patent applicationWO2012/164521A1, already cited previously. In this case the area orcross-section of the flow for the entry of water through upper end wall4 is preferably in any case smaller than the area or cross-section offlow in upper portion 6 a of lateral wall 6 in such a way that the entryof water into inner chamber 7 of the cartridge takes place mainlythrough its lateral wall 6.

In any event, a cartridge 1 according to this invention may beconveniently manufactured using a biodegradable/compostable material,and in particular a polymer material, preferably a polymer extractedfrom biomass or a synthetic compostable polymer, or again a polymerproduced by genetically modified microorganisms or bacteria, or apolymer manufactured from fossil monomers, or again a materialcontaining natural fibres such as by-products of the food chain (maize,coffee, rice husks, etc.), or obtained from the mowing of meadows, boundtogether with a binding agent or a polymer mixture.

A beverage may be prepared using a cartridge 1 of the type describedabove by means of extraction under pressure with a machine of which oneembodiment will be described below with particular reference to FIGS. 4and 6.

As will be seen in particular in FIG. 4, a machine M according to thisinvention comprises an infusion unit indicated as a whole by G.

Although a rather detailed description of machine M and in particularinfusion unit G will be provided below, it is pointed out that thismachine and this infusion unit essentially correspond to those describedin Italian patent application TO2012A000061 in the name of theApplicant, already mentioned above in this description.

Preferably the lower part 10 of infusion unit G is stationary, andintermediate part 11 and upper part 12 can move with respect to it, aswill be more particularly described below.

Lower part 10 of the infusion unit comprises a body 13, essentially inthe form of a cup, close to base wall 13 a which forms an outflowpassage 14.

Within cup-shaped member 13, at a particular distance above its basewall 13 a, there is fitted a supporting element 15 of essentiallyannular shape provided with a central opening 16. This element 15 has inits upper part a projecting annular formation 15 a extending upwards fora particular radial distance from the lateral wall of cup-shaped body13.

In the annular space defined between upstanding formation 15 a and thelateral wall of cup-shaped body 13 there is a toroidal sealing ring 17.

Lower part 10 of infusion unit G also includes a plate 18, fixed aroundthe lateral wall of cup-shaped body 13.

Intermediate part 11 of infusion unit G can be moved (vertically forthose observing FIGS. 4 and 6) relative to lower part 10.

This intermediate part 11 essentially comprises an annular containingbody 19, which has a lower portion 19 a movably mounted within the upperpart of cup-shaped body 13 of lower part 10.

The lower edge of portion 19 a of containment body 19 has a taperingbevel 19 b. This bevelled edge 19 b can when in use be wedged betweenthe lateral wall of cup-shaped body 13 and sealing ring 17, causing thelatter to be radially compressed against upstanding formation 15 a ofsupporting member 15, for the purposes which will be clarified below.

Tapering body 19 has an intermediate portion 19 c within which there isan annular seat 20 on which there is provided an annular perforatingmember 21, whose functions will be clarified below, on a shoulder.

Seat 20 of containment element 19 communicates with an adjacent seat 22(see in particular FIG. 4) formed in the upper part of element 19, whichopens out at the annular summit edge of that element 19.

Annular perforating element 21 is essentially in the form of an annularknife, with a single cutting edge 21 a (FIG. 4) facing upwards.

Infusion unit C shown in FIGS. 4 and 6 comprises a further annularperforating element indicated by 121 mounted on a further seat 120 incontainment body 19, in an axially offset position (downwards for thoselooking at FIGS. 4, 6) in relation to that of perforating element 21.

Perforating element 121 has a plurality of cutting points or teeth 121 aspaced apart circumferentially, whose functions will be clarified below.

Upper part 12 of infusion unit G substantially comprises a sealingelement 23, essentially in the form of a disc, provided below with afirst radially outermost annular groove which is engaged by a sealingring 24, and a second annular radially innermost groove coaxial with theformer in which sealing ring 124 is engaged, the latter being designedto press against the upper end wall of a cartridge 1 according to FIGS.1 to 3.

As an alternative, part 3 a of cartridge 1, that is its upper flange,may be constructed as flange 103 a of the cartridge according to theprior art illustrated in FIG. 5.

Sealing element 23 can conveniently move relative to intermediate part11 in order to allow a cartridge 1 to be inserted within containmentelement 19, and to enable cartridge 1 to be subsequently discharged whenexhausted after delivering the beverage made with it.

In FIGS. 4 and 6 reference number 25 indicates a plate located withincontainment element 19, lying essentially parallel to plate 18 attachedto cup-shaped body 13.

Springs 26 which tend to press plate 25 away from plate 18 and thereforeto press intermediate part 11 away from lower part 10 of infusion unit Gare placed between plates 18 and 25.

In the wall of containment element 19 there is provided a transversepassage 30, the radially innermost extremity of which communicates witha region within that containment element 19 through at least onelongitudinal passage 31.

When in use, a cartridge 1 of the type described above with reference toFIGS. 1 to 3 is placed within containment element 19, when the upperpart 12 of infusion body G is in a position away from its intermediatepart 11.

Lateral wall 6 of this cartridge 1 has transverse dimensions such thatit can be inserted into infusion unit G, in particular throughperforating elements 21 and 121, which do not interact with it in anyway. The diametrically outermost dimension of downwardly projectingformation 3 g corresponds substantially to the diametrical dimension ofsealing ring 17 in its undeformed condition, that is when the latter isnot subjected to radial compression by bevelled edge 19 b of containmentbody 19.

Through kinetic mechanisms which are known to or at least within thepurview of those skilled in the art, upper part 12 of infusion unit G isabutted against the upper edge of containment element 19. Innermostsealing ring 124 of sealing element 23 is then made to abut the uppersurface of cartridge 1 in a liquid-tight way.

If in an alternative embodiment the upper flange of the cartridge isconstructed in the same way as flange 103 a of the cartridge illustratedin FIG. 5, innermost sealing ring 24 of sealing element 23 is then ableto abut against the upper surface of the cartridge in a liquid-tightway.

Lower edge 3 g of cartridge 1 is then inserted between upstandingformation 15 a of supporting element 15 and toroidal sealing ring 17.The latter is compressed against the outer surface of that edge 3 g ofcartridge 1 as a result of it being engaged by the lower bevelled edge19 b of containment element 19.

Through the effect of the force of sealing elements 124 (or 24 in thecase of a cartridge having a flange such as that indicated by 103 a inFIG. 5) and 17, annular chamber 20, 22, which is defined withincontainment element 19 by the top part of cartridge 1, is provided witha liquid-tight seal above and below.

Sealing ring 124 (or 24) separates that annular chamber 20, 22 from theregion above cover 4 of the cartridge, while lower sealing ring 17disconnects annular chamber 20, 22 from the region beneath cartridge 1and outflow passage 14.

When infusion unit G is in the sealed condition a flow of pressurisedhot water can then be fed to aforesaid annular chamber 20, 22 throughpassages 30 and 31. The pressurised hot water can then penetrate withincartridge 1 through microholes 8 made in its lateral wall 6.

A plurality of streams of pressurised hot water radially convergingtowards the axis of the cartridge and progressively descending in thedirection of its base wall 5 is thus injected into cartridge 1.

Wall 5, which is conveniently provided with microholes 9 as illustratedin FIGS. 1 and 2, then allows the beverage to flow out without the needto be torn or perforated.

As an alternative, base wall 5 of the body of cartridge 1 may be of theimpermeable type, but may be torn through the effect of the increasingpressure within cartridge 1.

According to a further alternative, in a manner which is not illustratedin the drawings in the region above base wall 5 of cartridge 1 there maybe provided a further perforation element with projections or pointsdesigned to tear or perforate that base wall 5 and consequently allowthe beverage to flow out.

In any event the beverage flowing out from cartridge 1 passes throughoutflow passage or conduit 14 through passage 16 in supporting element15 and can be delivered to a collecting vessel, such as a cup or glass.

Once the beverage has been delivered, delivery unit G is again openedand its intermediate part 11 and upper part 12 again take up theirrespective initial positions.

Spent cartridge 1 can be removed, for example by means of a springexpulsion device located in the region between that cartridge 1 andsupporting element 15.

As mentioned previously, machine M and in particular infusion unit Gdescribed above with reference to FIG. 4 are essentially of the typeforming the subject matter of previous Italian patent application no.TO2012A000061. This machine and this infusion unit according to theprior art have in fact been designed for the use of cartridgespreviously manufactured according to the prior art, such as cartridge101 illustrated in FIG. 5 of this application (corresponding to FIG. 13in Italian application no. TO2012A000061).

With reference to FIG. 5, cartridge 101 according to the prior art has acup-shaped body 103 which has at the top an essentially planar flangeformation 103 a which projects radially outward.

Body 103 is conveniently manufactured with a multi-layer laminatedstructure, for example with an inner layer of polypropylene and anintermediate layer of EVOH (copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol) andan outer layer of polypropylene.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 body 103 of cartridge 101 has alateral wall which has a formation 103 b, projecting transverselyoutward, adjacent to flange 103 a, which extends circumferentially aboutits entire perimeter.

In particular, from flange 103 a projecting formation 103 b comprises anessentially cylindrical upper portion 103 c followed by a step portion103 d in which the diameter of its transverse cross-section is reduced.

The lateral wall of cup-shaped body 103 also has a portion of principalwall 103 e, which is for example frustoconical, connecting to a raisedbase wall 103 f, forming an annular edge 103 g projecting downwards.

Cartridge 101 also comprises a cover 104 (FIG. 5) connected to flange103 a of cup-shaped body 103, for example by thermal welding orultrasound welding.

Cover 104 may for example be constructed with a multilayer structure,including an inner polypropylene layer and an outer aluminium layer.

Taken together, cover 104 and cup-shaped body 103 define a chamber whichcontains a quantity or dose of material for the preparation of abeverage, for example ground roast coffee.

The lateral wall of cup-shaped body 103 has a circumferential formation103 i, projecting transversely outward, in its median portion.

The lateral wall of body 103 of cartridge 101 also has a circumferentialring of transversely outwardly projecting formations 103 h in the formof alveoli which are angularly spaced apart.

Perforating elements 21 and 121 of the said infusion unit G are borne bycontainment element 19 in axially offset respective positions in such away that circular cutter 21 a of perforating element 21 can tearprojecting portions 103 h, while points or teeth 121 a of perforatingelement 121 can produce a plurality of tears in the projectingcircumferential formation 103 i of the cartridge.

Using a cartridge 101 in unit G as illustrated in FIG. 6 it is possibleto make a double plurality of openings in the lateral wall of thatcartridge 101 so that pressurised hot water can be effectively injectedwithin it.

Also, in the case where a cartridge 101 is used, projecting formation103 g of that cartridge, acting together with the associated toroidalsealing ring 17 radially compressed by the inclined plane 19 b ofcontainment element 19, provides an effective liquid-tight disconnectionbetween the chamber in which pressurised water is injected into thecartridge and the outlet for the beverage made.

If a cartridge of the type illustrated with reference FIG. 5 is used,radially outermost sealing ring 24 of cover 23 ensures that the chamberin which water is injected into the cartridge is disconnected from theenvironment outside the infusion unit in the course of extraction of thebeverage.

Cartridge 1 according to this invention, described above with referenceto FIGS. 1 to 4, is compatible with the use of machine M and infusionunit G in FIG. 6 (in itself known for the use of a cartridge accordingto FIG. 5), but is also suitable for use with all other machines orinfusion units illustrated and described in previous Italian patentapplication TO2012A000061 by the Applicant.

Of course, without affecting the principle of the invention, embodimentsand details of construction may be varied widely from what has beendescribed and illustrated purely by way of a non-limiting examplewithout thereby going beyond the scope of the invention as defined bythe appended claims.

Thus, for example, annular formation 3 g of body 2 of cartridge 1 may beconstructed of one piece with that body, or may be constructedseparately from that body and subsequently attached to it by for examplewelding.

Lower portion 5, 3 g of body 2 may also be made and shaped bythermoforming.

1. Cartridge (1) for the preparation of a beverage, comprising anenvelope (2) having first and second end walls (4, 5) connected to eachother by an annular lateral wall (6) and defining an internal chamber(7) containing an amount or dose of a substance (S) for preparation ofthe beverage; the said envelope (2) having at least one first and atleast one second permeable wall (6 a, 5) defining an inlet and an outletrespectively for the introduction of a flow of water into the saidchamber (7) and outflow of the beverage from the said chamber (7)respectively; between the said first and second permeable walls (6 a, 5)the envelope (2) having an annular formation (3 g) protruding outward;and in which a permeable inlet wall portion (6 a) for the introductionof water into the said chamber (7) is provided in the said annularlateral wall (6) of the envelope (2); the cartridge (1) beingcharacterised in that the said annular formation (3 g) extends from thesaid second end wall (5) in a direction substantially opposite the saidfirst end wall (4).
 2. Cartridge according to claim 1, in which the saidannular formation (3 g) extends as a prolongation of the lateral wall(6) of the envelope (2), protruding beyond the said second end wall (5),substantially along the axial direction of the said envelope (2). 3.Cartridge according to claim 1, in which the envelope (2) has atransverse annular formation (3 a) protruding radially toward outward,in the form of a flange, around the said first end wall (4). 4.Cartridge according to claim 3, in which the said inlet wall portion (6a) for the introduction of water into the said chamber (7) is providedonly in the annular lateral wall (6) of the envelope (2).
 5. Cartridgeaccording to claim 1 or claim 2, in which a further inlet wall portionfor the introduction of water into the cartridge (1) is provided in anend wall (4) of the envelope (2).
 6. Cartridge according to claim 5, inwhich the said further inlet wall portion of the envelope (2) for theintroduction of water into the said chamber (7) has a flow area orcross-section smaller than that of the inlet wall portion (6 a) providedin the lateral wall (6), such that the introduction of water into thechamber (7) takes place mainly through the said lateral wall (6). 7.Cartridge according to claim 1, in which the envelope (2) has a generalshape which is essentially cylindrical or frustoconical or prismatic orfrustopyramidal.
 8. Cartridge according to claim 1, in which the saidenvelope (2) comprises an essentially cup-shaped body (3) made of aninjection-moulded plastics material.
 9. Cartridge according to claim 8,in which the said envelope (2) further comprises a top wall or cover(4), connected to the mouth of the said cup-shaped body (3). 10.Cartridge according to claim 8, in which the said material is chosenfrom the group comprising: polylactic acid (PLA), poly-L-lactide (PLLA),poly-D-lactide (PDLA), stereo complex blends of PDLA and PLLA, cornstarches, cellulosic materials, PLA-, PDLA-, PLLA-based compounds, withmineral fillers, PLA-, PDLA-, PLLA-based compounds with mineral fillersand plasticisers, PLA-, PDLA-, PLLA-based compounds and cellulose,compounds based on corn starches, with mineral fillers, polybutylenesuccinate, polybutylene succinate with mineral fillers, polymersproduced by micro-organisms or bacteria, such as PHA(poly-hydroxy-alkanoates) or PHB (poly-beta-hydroxy-butyrate), compoundsof plant fibres and starches, compounds of plant biomass and starches,compounds of plant fibres and PLA, compounds of plant biomass and PLA,and combinations of the materials listed above.
 11. Method formanufacturing at least part of the envelope (2) of a cartridge (1)according to claim 1, the method comprising: a first step of forming atleast one part of the said envelope (2), and a second step of thermalpost-treatment of the said at least one part of the said envelope (2),comprising one or more of the following steps: i) residence in a closedmould, ii) baking in an oven, iii) treatment with ultraviolet radiation.12. Machine (M) for the preparation of beverages, intended for the useof a cartridge (1) according to claim 1, comprising an infusion unit (G)capable of receiving a cartridge (1) according to one or more of thepreceding claims, and with which supply means (30, 31) are associatedfor supplying a flow of water intended to be introduced into thecartridge (1) as well as discharge means (16, 14) for outflow of thebeverage formed in the infusion unit (G) toward a collecting vessel; theinfusion unit (G) including a plurality of parts (10-12) which can bemoved apart and brought close together, and coupled together in aleak-tight way to define as a whole an infusion chamber in which thesaid cartridge (1) can be introduced; the infusion chamber being capableof defining, relative to a cartridge (1) positioned therein, an annularspace (20, 22) which can be connected to water supply means (30, 31),and is separated in a liquid-tight manner from the discharge means (14,16).
 13. Machine according to claim 12, in which one part of theinfusion unit (G) associated with the discharge means (14, 16) has asealing ring (17) of a deformable material, against which the saidannular end formation (3 g) of the cartridge (1) positioned in theinfusion chamber abuts when the latter is closed, and in which anothercooperating part of the infusion unit (G) comprises an active formation(19 b) which when the infusion chamber is closed interferes with thesaid sealing ring (17) such as to deform it radially against the saidannular end formation (3 g) of the cartridge (1), for separating theinfusion chamber from the discharge means (16, 14) in a liquid-tightmanner.
 14. (canceled)